Geocoding, one of the initial steps in conducting an analysis based on crime mapping, is the process of bringing tabular and geographic data together through a common geographic unit of analysis. This COPS Office and Police Foundation guide describes the five basic steps in the geocoding process.

Technological advances in computer mapping and information systems, along with theoretical innovations in crime prevention, have together brought crime mapping to the center of crime prevention practice and policy. Desktop computers are becoming more powerful than ever before and computer mapping programs are becoming more accessible, even to relatively small police departments. Many of the recent innovations suggested by proponents of community and problem-oriented policing philosophies require a geographic focus, and emphasize the importance of integrating computer mapping technologies and techniques into processes such as personnel allocation and problem solving.

This document details a research project undertaken by the Police Foundation in an effort to identify the needs of the law enforcement field regarding crime mapping and analysis technologies. This COPS Office/Police Foundation document should be of interest to those seeking a better understanding of the state and needs of law enforcement agencies with respect to crime analysis and mapping.